/* Xinzhao Wang — academic homepage */
:root {
  --bg: #faf9f6;
  --surface: #f7f8f6;
  --ink: #2e383c;
  --muted: #4d5b60;
  --faint: #657379;
  --link: #305963;
  --link-hover: #244954;
  --paper-link: #285f87;
  --paper-link-hover: #1e4969;
  --line: #dde2df;
  --line-strong: #c7d0cc;
  --font-serif: "Latin Modern Roman", "CMU Serif", "Computer Modern Serif", Georgia, serif;
  --font-sans: "Latin Modern Sans", "CMU Sans Serif", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --page-width: 1000px;
  --reading-width: 760px;
  --result-width: 900px;
  --section-space: 60px;
  --group-space: 46px;
  --body-size: 17px;
  --math-size: 17.5px;
  --title-size: 20px;
  --paper-title-size: 17.3px;
  --summary-size: 15.35px;
  --other-summary-size: 14.5px;
  --author-size: 13.4px;
  --caption-size: 14.4px;
}

/* Base typography and accessible interactions */
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
[hidden], html:not([lang="zh-CN"]) [data-language="zh"], html[lang="zh-CN"] [data-language="en"] { display: none !important; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 82px; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--bg);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--body-size);
  font-synthesis: none;
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, p, ul, ol, figure { margin: 0; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 { font-weight: 400; }
a { color: var(--link); text-decoration-thickness: .055em; text-underline-offset: .18em; }
a:hover { color: var(--link-hover); }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible, .math-display:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--link); outline-offset: 4px;
}
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
button, summary { font: inherit; }
.container { width: min(var(--page-width), calc(100% - 48px)); margin-inline: auto; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; top: -80px; left: 20px; z-index: 200; padding: 10px 16px; color: white; background: var(--ink); }
.skip-link:focus { top: 12px; }

/* Navigation */
.site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 50; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: rgba(250,249,246,.97); backdrop-filter: blur(12px); }
.header-inner { min-height: 60px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; }
.brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-size: 18px; white-space: nowrap; }
.brand img { width: 29px; height: 29px; object-fit: contain; }
.site-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 27px; font-family: var(--font-sans); }
.site-nav { margin-left: auto; }
.header-controls { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.language-switcher { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; white-space: nowrap; font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: 13px; color: var(--faint); }
.language-switcher button { border: 0; padding: 7px 3px; background: transparent; color: var(--faint); cursor: pointer; }
.language-switcher button[aria-pressed="true"] { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: .3em; }
.language-switcher button:hover { color: var(--link); }
.site-nav a { color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.site-nav a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.menu-button { display: none; border: 0; background: transparent; color: var(--ink); padding: 8px; cursor: pointer; }
.menu-button svg { width: 24px; height: 24px; }

/* Introductory block: preserve the existing small portrait and two-column layout. */
.hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 168px;
  grid-template-areas: "heading portrait" "content portrait";
  column-gap: clamp(36px,6vw,76px);
  row-gap: 20px;
  align-items: start;
  padding-block: 60px 58px;
}
.hero-heading { grid-area: heading; min-width: 0; }
.hero-content { grid-area: content; min-width: 0; max-width: var(--reading-width); }
.eyebrow { margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); letter-spacing: .025em; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(44px,5vw,56px); line-height: 1.08; letter-spacing: -.012em; }
h1 > [data-language] { display: flex; align-items: baseline; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px 18px; }
.name-primary, .name-secondary { white-space: nowrap; }
.name-secondary { font-size: .48em; color: var(--muted); letter-spacing: 0; }
:lang(zh-CN) { font-family: "Noto Serif CJK SC", "Songti SC", "STSong", "SimSun", serif; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] body { line-height: 1.8; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .group-head p, html[lang="zh-CN"] .feature-copy > p, html[lang="zh-CN"] .other-paper-note, html[lang="zh-CN"] .result-note { line-height: 1.75; }
.hero-role { margin-top: 12px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 16px; }
.hero-role a { color: inherit; text-decoration-color: #b3bfbb; }
.about-copy p + p { margin-top: 11px; }
.about-copy .visit-note { margin-top: 16px; font-size: 15.5px; color: var(--muted); }
.hero-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 10px 20px; margin-top: 20px; font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: 14px; }
.hero-links a { text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #b7c5c4; }
.postdoc-note { margin-top: 16px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14.5px; }
.portrait { grid-area: portrait; width: 168px; margin-top: 0; align-self: start; }
.portrait img { width: 100%; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 1; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgba(35,50,47,.08); }

/* Heading scale: page section, research theme, subtheme, paper title. */
.section { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-block: var(--section-space); }
.section-heading { margin-bottom: 30px; }
.section-heading h2 { font-size: clamp(32px,3.8vw,37px); line-height: 1.16; letter-spacing: -.008em; }
.section-research { background: rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.section-research .section-heading { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 7px 22px; }
.research-credit-note { color: var(--faint); font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; }
.research-group + .research-group { margin-top: var(--group-space); padding-top: 34px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.group-head { margin-bottom: 24px; }
.group-head h3 { color: var(--ink); font-size: 26px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 11px; }
.research-subgroup { margin-top: 36px; }
.research-subgroup + .research-subgroup { margin-top: 48px; }
.subgroup-head h4 { color: var(--ink); font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.35; margin-bottom: 11px; }
.group-head p { color: var(--muted); max-width: var(--reading-width); font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.58; }
.featured { min-width: 0; max-width: var(--result-width); }
.feature-copy { padding: 0; }
.feature-heading :is(h4, h5) { max-width: 880px; min-width: 0; font-size: var(--title-size); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.36; }
.feature-heading :is(h4, h5) a { color: var(--paper-link); text-decoration: none; }
.feature-heading :is(h4, h5) a:hover { color: var(--paper-link-hover); text-decoration: underline; }
.feature-copy > p { max-width: var(--reading-width); margin-top: 10px; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--summary-size); line-height: 1.56; }
.feature-copy > .feature-authors { margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0; color: var(--faint); font-size: var(--author-size); line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 400; }
.feature-copy > .feature-authors + p { margin-top: 9px; }

/* A thin, neutral border identifies each independent result excerpt.
   One consistent style for the four papers; no extra title or colored fill. */
.selected-result {
  width: min(100%, 810px);
  margin: 24px 0 0;
  padding: 18px 22px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: transparent;
}
.result-excerpt-body { padding: 0; }
.math-display {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 5px 0;
  padding: 7px 0 8px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: var(--math-size);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.42;
  text-align: center;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  scrollbar-color: #c3cbc8 transparent;
  overscroll-behavior-x: contain;
}
.math-display > mjx-container[display="true"] {
  width: max-content;
  min-width: 100%;
  margin: 0 !important;
}
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] { font-weight: 400; }
.math-display mjx-container > svg { max-width: none; }
.math-display[data-overflow="true"] { box-shadow: inset 0 -1px #d9dfdc; }
.result-note {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  max-width: var(--reading-width);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.48;
}
.result-lead { margin: 0 0 8px; }
.result-transition { margin-top: 11px; }
.result-case-title {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.48;
  margin: 1px 0 5px;
}
.result-case + .result-case { margin-top: 24px; }

/* Dividers are reserved for major sections and research themes.
   Within a research theme, Other papers and its topic headings are separated
   by whitespace and typography, not additional horizontal rules. */
.papers-in-area { max-width: var(--result-width); margin-top: 32px; }
.papers-in-area-heading { margin-bottom: 19px; }
.papers-in-area-heading :is(h4, h5) { color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; }
.other-paper-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 27px 34px; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.other-paper-list li { padding: 0; min-width: 0; }
.other-paper-title { font-size: var(--paper-title-size); line-height: 1.38; font-weight: 400; }
.other-paper-title a { color: var(--paper-link); text-decoration: none; }
.other-paper-title a:hover { color: var(--paper-link-hover); text-decoration: underline; }
.other-paper-authors { margin-top: 6px; color: var(--faint); font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: var(--author-size); line-height: 1.48; font-weight: 400; }
.other-paper-note { margin-top: 7px; font-size: var(--other-summary-size); line-height: 1.5; color: var(--muted); }
.other-paper-note a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: #b4c2c1; }
.other-paper-note a:hover { color: var(--link); }
.other-paper-meta { margin-top: 5px; font-size: 12px; }
.related-venue { font-family: var(--font-sans); color: var(--faint); font-size: 11.8px; white-space: nowrap; }
.related-category { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 13px; }
.related-category + .related-category { margin-top: 28px; }
.related-category h5 { color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.42; }
.order-mark { font-family: var(--font-serif); color: var(--muted); font-size: .76em; line-height: 0; vertical-align: super; margin-left: 1px; white-space: nowrap; }

/* Paper-specific research-process notes stay collapsed until requested. */
.ai-disclosure { margin-top: 6px; max-width: var(--reading-width); font-size: 12.5px; }
.ai-disclosure > summary { width: fit-content; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--font-sans); cursor: pointer; }
.ai-disclosure > summary::marker { font-size: .85em; }
.ai-disclosure > summary:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.ai-disclosure > summary [data-language] { text-decoration: underline dotted; text-underline-offset: .2em; }
.ai-disclosure > p { margin-top: 7px; padding-left: 12px; border-left: 2px solid var(--line); color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; }
.ai-disclosure > p a { color: var(--paper-link); }
.ai-disclosure > p a:hover { color: var(--paper-link-hover); }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .ai-disclosure > p { line-height: 1.75; }

/* Publications retain all titles, full author lists, and author-order marks. */
.section-pubs { background: var(--surface); }
.section-pubs .section-heading { margin-bottom: 14px; }
.author-note { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 25px; }
.pub-group-heading { font-size: 22px; margin-bottom: 11px; }
.publication-list { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.publication { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 46px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 18px; padding: 15px 0 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.publication:last-child { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.pub-year { padding-top: 2px; font-family: var(--font-sans); color: var(--faint); font-size: 12px; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.pub-title { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.44; }
.pub-title:hover { color: var(--link); text-decoration: underline; }
.authors { margin-top: 5px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; }
.authors strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 700; }
.pub-venue { margin-top: 3px; color: var(--link); font-size: 13.5px; }
.pub-details { margin-top: 30px; }
.pub-details > summary { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; padding: 11px 0; font-size: 22px; cursor: pointer; list-style: none; }
.pub-details > summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.details-meta { font-family: var(--font-sans); color: var(--faint); font-size: 12px; }
.details-chevron { display: inline-block; margin-left: 8px; font-size: 19px; line-height: .7; transform: rotate(180deg); }
.pub-details:not([open]) .details-chevron { transform: rotate(0); }
.author-details { margin-top: 4px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13.5px; }
.author-details summary { width: fit-content; cursor: pointer; }
.author-details p { margin-top: 7px; }

/* Talks and footer */
.talk-list { list-style: none; max-width: var(--result-width); padding: 0; }
.talk-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 96px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 22px; padding-block: 17px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.talk-list li:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
.talk-list li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.talk-list time { padding-top: 3px; color: var(--faint); font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: 12.5px; }
.talk-title { color: var(--ink); font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.45; }
.talk-venue { margin-top: 5px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14.5px; line-height: 1.5; }
.site-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-block: 22px 28px; color: var(--faint); font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: 12px; }
.footer-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; }
.footer-inner a { color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none; }
.footer-inner a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* Responsive changes preserve content order and keep every equation in one row. */
@media (min-width: 701px) {
  #circuits .other-paper-list > li:first-child { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  #circuits .other-paper-list > li:first-child .other-paper-note { max-width: 690px; }
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  :root { --section-space: 52px; }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 140px; column-gap: 34px; padding-block: 50px; }
  .portrait { width: 140px; }
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  :root { --section-space: 42px; --math-size: 16.5px; --group-space: 37px; --title-size: 19.5px; --caption-size: 14px; --summary-size: 15px; --other-summary-size: 14.2px; --author-size: 13px; }
  .container { width: calc(100% - 36px); }
  .header-inner { min-height: 57px; }
  .header-inner { gap: 12px; }
  .header-controls { margin-left: auto; gap: 8px; }
  .site-nav { display: none; position: absolute; top: 57px; left: 18px; right: 18px; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 0; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 6px; background: var(--bg); box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(31,48,50,.08); }
  .site-nav.is-open { display: flex; }
  .site-nav a { padding: 10px 12px; }
  .menu-button { display: grid; place-items: center; }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 108px; grid-template-areas: "heading portrait" "content content"; gap: 23px 24px; padding-block: 38px 43px; }
  .portrait { width: 108px; margin-top: 0; }
  h1 { font-size: 44px; }
  .hero-role { margin-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; }
  .section-heading { margin-bottom: 25px; }
  .section-research .section-heading { display: block; }
  .research-credit-note { margin-top: 8px; }
  .research-group + .research-group { padding-top: 28px; }
  .group-head { margin-bottom: 21px; }
  .group-head h3 { font-size: 24px; }
  .research-subgroup { margin-top: 30px; }
  .research-subgroup + .research-subgroup { margin-top: 40px; }
  .subgroup-head h4 { font-size: 21px; }
  .group-head p { font-size: 16px; }
  .selected-result { margin-top: 22px; padding: 15px 16px 16px; }
  .result-note { font-size: 13.5px; }
  .result-case-title { font-size: 14.5px; }
  .math-display { padding: 8px 0; }
  .other-paper-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 23px; }
  .papers-in-area { margin-top: 28px; }
  .related-category { gap: 12px; }
  .related-category + .related-category { margin-top: 25px; }
  .related-venue { font-size: 11.5px; }
  .talk-list li { grid-template-columns: 83px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 16px; }
  .footer-inner { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
}
@media (max-width: 440px) {
  body { font-size: 16.5px; }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 82px; column-gap: 16px; }
  .portrait { width: 82px; }
  h1 { font-size: clamp(30px,9vw,38px); }
  .eyebrow { font-size: 11px; max-width: 210px; }
  .hero-role { font-size: 14.5px; }
  .group-head h3 { font-size: 23px; }
  .publication { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3px; }
  .pub-year { padding-top: 0; }
  .talk-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 5px; }
  .talk-list time { padding-top: 0; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } }
@media print {
  .site-header, .site-footer, .hero-links, .postdoc-note, .menu-button { display: none !important; }
  body { background: white; color: black; font-size: 11pt; }
  .container { width: 100%; }
  .hero { padding-block: 0 20px; }
  .section { padding-block: 20px; }
  .feature-formula, .result-block, .talk-list li { break-inside: avoid; }
  a { color: inherit; }
  .math-display { overflow: visible; font-size: 10pt; }
}

/* Cross-list links jump to the earlier appearance without hiding it behind the sticky header. */
#qsvt-product-formulas { scroll-margin-top: 90px; }